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Complete guide: entity types, registration, costs, taxes, labor laws, and break-even analysis
~55 days
Setup Time
~$727
Setup Cost
25%
Corporate Tax
100%
Foreign Ownership
#30
Ease of Business
| Entity | Min Capital | Foreign % | Liability | Min Shareholders | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociedad Limitada (SL) Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada | 3,000 EUR | 100% | Limited | 1 | Most common for SMEs and foreign investors - low capital, flexible structure |
Sociedad Anonima (SA) Sociedad Anonima | 60,000 EUR | 100% | Limited | 1 | Large companies, publicly traded firms, capital-intensive ventures |
Branch Office Sucursal | None | 100% | Unlimited | 0 | Foreign companies extending operations - parent retains full liability |
Sole Proprietorship Autonomo | None | 100% | Unlimited | 1 | Freelancers and solo entrepreneurs - simple registration, personal liability |
Obtain NIE (Foreign ID Number)
Apply for Numero de Identidad de Extranjero at a Spanish consulate or local police station
1-21 days
~$12
National Police / Spanish Consulate
Obtain Certificate of Name Reservation
Request company name clearance from the Central Commercial Registry (Registro Mercantil Central)
2-5 days
~$15
Registro Mercantil Central
Open Bank Account and Deposit Capital
Open a corporate bank account and deposit the minimum share capital (EUR 3,000 for SL)
1-5 days
Free
Commercial Bank
Execute Deed of Incorporation before Notary
Sign the escritura publica de constitucion (public deed) before a Spanish notary
1-3 days
~$500
Notary Public
Obtain CIF (Tax ID Number)
Apply for the Codigo de Identificacion Fiscal at the Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria)
1-3 days
Free
Agencia Tributaria (AEAT)
Register at Commercial Registry
File the deed of incorporation at the provincial Registro Mercantil
7-15 days
~$200
Registro Mercantil Provincial
Register for Social Security
Register the company and employees with the Tesoreria General de la Seguridad Social
1-3 days
Free
Tesoreria General de la Seguridad Social
$1260/mo
Minimum Wage
$2400/mo
Average Wage
40 hrs/week
Work Hours
22 days/year
Paid Leave
1.4 weeks/year
Severance
30% of salary
Employer Social Security
6.4% of salary
Employee Social Security
Required
Foreign Worker Permit
Foreign Worker Quota: EU/EEA citizens exempt. Non-EU workers need employer-sponsored work permit with labor market test.
Work Permit Process: Employer files initial authorization with Delegacion del Gobierno. After approval, worker applies for visa at Spanish consulate.
#30/190
Ease of Business Rank
12.5 days
Starting a Business
12.5 days
Registering Property
510 days
Enforcing Contracts
60/100
Corruption Perception
93%
Internet Penetration
EUR
Currency
UTC+1
Time Zone
16
Retail (months)
14
F&B (months)
14
Tech (months)
24
Manufacturing (months)
10
Services (months)